home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=93HT0086>
- <title>
- 1920s: The Machine Age
- </title>
- <history>TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1920s Highlights</history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE
- February 4, 1924
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The Machine Age
- </p>
- <p> Occasionally there comes an apparent peak in the production
- of new inventions in the field of machines. Here is the record of
- recent weeks:
- </p>
- <p> Cables. Permalloy, a new alloy of iron and nickel, with
- magnetic properties hundreds of times greater than those of
- either metal, applied by a new process to cable manufacture, has
- increased the word-carrying capacity of the New York-Azores line
- of the Western Union Telegraph Co. 300% over similar cables.
- Officials of the Company believe it will revolutionize the cable
- industry. A trial cable, laid in deep water off Bermuda,
- withstood severe tests. In the new type of cable a thin layer of
- permalloy surrounds the copper core, under the gutta percha and
- wire coating on the outside.
- </p>
- <p> A new device which automatically connects land telegraph
- lines with submarine cables made possible direct cable
- communication between London and Chicago.
- </p>
- <p> Locomotives. The fastest electric locomotives in Europe were
- put into operation on the Toulouse-Bayonne line of the French
- Midi Railroad and on the Paris-Orleans Railroad. The locomotives
- are of the new type on which tests have been conducted by the
- General Electric Co. and the American Locomotive Co., at Erie,
- Pa. (TIME, Dec. 17), weighing 102 tons and capable of reaching a
- speed of 105 miles an hour. The French roads have ordered more
- than $15,000,000 worth of such equipment, and the Mexican Railway
- Co., Ltd., ten electric freight units for mountain climbing. With
- a new device, the otheograph, the tests showed no "nosing," or
- periodical oscillation, even at high speeds. The riding qualities
- of both ends were excellent, and no injurious effects were
- observed on the trackage.
- </p>
- <p> Navigation. A giant submarine cruiser of more than 7,000
- tons, invented by Prof. Oswald Flamm, of Germany, has been built
- in model by the Augsburg-Nurnburger Machinfabrik. The boat is
- heart-shaped, point upward, with the keel in the groove of the
- heart, like an inverted V. The principal advantage is rapid and
- even submersion, the stability depending on the form and the
- distribution of pressure. It can submerge in 30 seconds without
- turning a degree, can cruise 20,000 miles and develop a speed of
- 23 knots an hour. It is 525 ft. long and 49 ft. wide, and carries
- large torpedo and gun armament. Germany has neither the money,
- nor the possibility (under present military control) of building
- such submarines, and the French, Italian and British Governments
- are interested in the invention. The largest submarines now being
- built are of 3,000 tons.
- </p>
- <p> Leandro Guglielmotti, of Italy, invented an underwater
- periscope by which submarine crews can see through water for 80
- yards horizontally or 100 yards vertically. Light is thrown
- through the water to reveal the presence of mines and other
- objects. The device can be attached to existing submarines.
- </p>
- <p> The Cunarder Laconia and other large liners have recently
- tried out the Sperry gyro-pilot, a device which automatically
- steers 50% better than the human hand. The mechanism depends upon
- the rotation of the earth, and saves much of the wear and tear on
- the ship in rough weather.
- </p>
- <p> Aerial Terminal. The New York Central Railroad is favorably
- considering the erection of a tower of latticed steel similar to
- the Eiffel tower, straddling Park Avenue, Manhattan, just north
- of the Grand Central Terminal, where giant dirigibles may moor
- and swing at anchor. Elevators would carry passengers from the
- air direct to waiting trains. Many architectural projects and
- applications for mooring privileges have been submitted.
- </p>
- <p> Moving Pictures. Photographs at the rate of 300,000 a
- minute--31 times a fast as those taken by the slow-motion camera-
- -are being made at Shoeburyness, England, by the British Ordnance
- Department, to examine the impact of shells on armor plate. The
- camera weights two tons, and shows how golf balls and other hard
- objects are flattened and pressed out of shape when struck and in
- flight.
- </p>
- <p> Gunnery. The expansometer, a machine invented at the Bureau
- of Standards, Washington, can measure a projectile's speed within
- a gun. It is operated by the infinitesimal expansion of the gun,
- followed instantly by contraction, from the gas generated by the
- discharge, which transmits an electric signal to a high-speed
- recording instrument.
- </p>
- <p> Automobiles. Prof. Howard R. Mayberry, of the psychology
- department, University of Chicago, has devised a test for
- applicants for motor licenses, consisting of control devices
- directing the movements of a toy automobile through the streets
- of a model city. The candidate must avoid traffic jams.
- </p>
- <p> Tunnels. A.C. Fielding and W.P. Yant, gas experts of the
- U.S. Bureau of Mines, in an extended series of air tests in the
- new twin Liberty vehicular tunnels to the South Hills of
- Pittsburgh, have perfected a ventilating system which makes the
- tunnels safe for human beings with any volume of traffic. A
- procession of 200 auto trucks was run through the tunnels several
- times, and samples of air taken in the early test showed 4 1/2 to
- 10 parts of carbon monoxide present. Canaries, which are very
- sensitive to the gas, were released in the tunnels, and on the
- third test showed no ill effects.
- </p>
- <p> Radio. Transmission of light and power by wireless may be
- expected in the near future, according to researches by Prof.
- A.M. Low, of London. Light and wireless waves travel at the same
- speed. "Television" may not be developed to the point of accuracy
- for another generation, however.
- </p>
- <p> David Sarnoff, General Manager of the Radio Corporation of
- America, sent a message to Iwaki station, Japan, by radio from
- Columbia, Mo., received a reply by telephone in 1 min., 45 sec.
- </p>
- <p> A radio concert was heard in a tube 85 feet deep under the
- Hudson River. But Baltimore and Washington cannot communicate
- satisfactorily by radio. This is due to a large "dead spot" or
- peculiar geological formation in the earth between the two
- cities, says Dr. James Harris Rogers, inventor of undersea and
- underground radio communication. The energy waves travel from
- base plate to base plate, rather than from aerial to aerial,
- according to Dr. Rogers. Long-distance messages take the way of
- least resistance and are not hampered by dead spots. Washington
- electrical experts are experimenting on the problem.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-
-